Unraveling the Link: How Anxiety Tightens Its Grip on Students’ Executive Functioning

By Emma Michiels, Instructor

Fifty percent of middle school students report feeling stressed over academics all the time. For high school students, that number is even higher; 75% report constant anxiety when it comes to academics. (Source)

At Engaging Minds, we believe it’s crucial to recognize the profound impact anxiety can have on students’ academic performance and overall well-being. In this blog post, we explore the intricate connection between anxiety and executive functioning and delve into effective strategies to support students in combating these challenges. Together, let’s equip our students with tools to rise above their anxieties and thrive academically.

The Link Between Anxiety and Executive Functioning: 

Anxiety can significantly impact executive functioning skills, leading to difficulties in academic performance and daily life (Source). High levels of anxiety can disrupt the prefrontal cortex, a brain region crucial for executive functions (Source). This disruption can result in challenges such as attention and concentration difficulties, impaired planning and organization, and reduced working memory capacity (Source).

Here are some ways to alleviate some anxiety and enhance executive functioning skills:

1. Exercise self-advocacy skills: Creating an atmosphere that encourages open communication and empathy is essential (Source). Students should feel supported and accepted, knowing they can approach parents or teachers if they are struggling. For example, this might look like helping a student draft an email to a teacher to ask for an extension on an assignment or to clarify directions.  Sentence starters and email templates are great scaffolds to use in helping students gain these critical self-advocacy skills. 
2. Teach explicit stress reduction techniques: Incorporating stress reduction techniques, such as deep breathing exercises and guided relaxation, can help students manage anxiety and improve their ability to concentrate when working (Source).Some students use sensory-based tools such as fidgets, stress balls. Others play background music while they work to de-stress. There is no one right way!
3. Break tasks into manageable steps: Supporting students in breaking down complex tasks into smaller, achievable steps can reduce overwhelming feelings and help them approach tasks with confidence (Source). For example, a student working on a paper might want to break down the paper into steps such as: 1) brainstorm ideas using a graphic organizer; 2) create an outline; 3) write one paragraph at a time 4) edit and revise using a checklist. Just breaking down the assignment into smaller chunks and doing 1 small step a day often makes the task feel more achievable. 
4. Work in short bursts and use breaks: Many students struggle to stay focused on a task for a long period of time. Try structuring work time so your student only has to focus for a concentrated 15-20 minute burst, followed by a short movement or brain break. This break could look like a short walk, healthy snack/drink or some stretching. These quick “resets” actually help students recharge to continue working through that assignment! (in another 15-20 minute burst)
5. Use a written agenda: Using an agenda to create a prioritized plan will help your student stay on track and also help them stay motivated. For example, having a student write down a to-do list and crossing things off as they go can be very empowering for students when a task might feel daunting. (Source).

 By implementing the strategies discussed and fostering a supportive learning environment, we can empower students to manage feelings of anxiety. Together, we can help students exercise their executive function skills to succeed both academically and from a socio-emotional perspective.